Fourth, trade in ape
a favor each have a hook,
mm John b Dunn
1, great game
morning, the vampire bat (scientific name Desmodus rotundus, the English name Common Vampire Bat) upside down in the hole, it can not sleep hungry. Another bat flew in, mouth hanging blood, apparently it went tonight, good luck, hungry bats come over to the nose throat lucky dawdle.
of course it is not to ask the friend was not hit by a tree. eat the bats that will spit out the blood (of course not his own blood) fed it, this is a matter of life's big bat, which if 60 hours to drink the blood of starved.
you might think of bees. Maybe the bats are feeding each other relative? Indeed, most of the time feeding bats are fed their own children, but they have no genetic relationship of the bat to feed. This All seemed well is the harmony and moving, but mm evil Li Firth (Robert L. Trivers) is a decisions based on the American biologist, who practiced boxing, love fighting with people in the bar, over fifty only published five papers, plus a letter to the British zoologist Dawkins (Clinton Richard Dawkins) Popular Science Writings help a child could not beat the eight-stalk roommate? special legislation Firth's answer is very simple, very simple, if the hearts of the bat next time unlucky, it will feed off the bat to return the benefactor. bat foraging to rely on luck, no experience, little bat, almost every food there is a third space walk. Once they find a victim, they will desperately gluttonous, one can drink the equivalent of half of the blood of their own weight. an eating bats spit a little blood stays to feed the friends, the loss will not be much, but friends may save it in return for the next life. Teli Firth called reciprocal altruism (reciprocal altruism), in other words, with kindness, I Hello, next time you are good to me.
so we also talked about strategy. with kindness really is a good strategy? 爱克斯罗德 (Robert Axelrod) is a political scientist at the University of Michigan, he on the developed a very simple do not spit real), each had 3 points (2 years in prison); betray each other (to give out associates), teams get 1 point (8-year sentence); a betrayal of B, 5 points A, B and get 1 point. the player's task is to deliberately choose when to cooperate when betrayal.
爱克斯罗德 convened a gang, so their advice, he then lost these strategies into the computer and hold a contest, a total of 14 participants, all of scholars have studied game theory, many of them wily of generation, however, results of the competition so that all surprise. The winning strategy is very simple, very simple, so simple that people want to head to grab.
winners named Tit-for-Tat -Tat is this play: the first game should talk to each other, then with others to do what you do. If the other party has betrayed you and you betrayed him, for they do not put you out, you do not come out the other side for tooth for a tooth, a tit. to develop points. Later, they conducted a second 爱克斯罗德 Huashan Mountain, this time with 62 people participated, reported, .
2, the shadow of the future experts in game theory
the , the two add up to zero income. Most computer games are zero-sum game, so playing with only confrontational:
play at home today, Zombies, I cried,cheap UGG boots, I've been watching hh
zombie They, they faced a hail of bullets but still forward. they just to survive, to meal fed hh
my sympathy and encouragement to his mouth, tears in the nut behind the hh and planted a big mouth took hh
a nose a tear in the survival mode, hit 58 off unlimited hh
result of a balloon accidentally by a group of zombies broke through the line hh
X's! finally playing to 58 off! X a zombie mother of the family!
plant is unable to sympathize with zombies. In zero-sum game, want to win you must beat each other, even if you come for peace, in the end will become fierce and ferocious. antelope survival game is zero-sum game, if you turn away, just thrown into the lion my mouth, have you not me that I did not you, will overcome the fierce gentleman villain.
vampire bat long accustomed to living in a cave, room Friends of the not-for ten years, this time I fed you, you will come to feed me the next time, I do not feed you, you will not feed me. in the mighty force of movement, any two wildebeest with is unlikely to make a face to face, you saved others, can not expect others to rescue you, do not worry about retribution sell others came to the door.
bats zero-sum game into a is that they want to cooperation won high marks, so good, We do not dare to make a determined effort. this instance we are, every day experience:
is a neighborhood street, looking down but not see the rise, and people told me to do what good I do not deny them. br> a large brain, the vampire bat, the bat can be described in the IQ of Einstein, they must have a good mind to remember who last fed himself, who refused to lend a helping hand stingy, easy in the future with kindness to complain complain.
another estrus period is very short, once a son there in 2045 ascetic care of children. Gong single dolphin was frequently caught in the madness, for which they are often two or three to form a party, try to steal other people's beauty Kinds together. But if a group of dolphins play
opponents, they recruited another group, the two parties joined hands against the third party, a group of dolphins was added purely to volunteer, but if next time they beat the enemy, who helped the previous assistance will be extended through fin dolphin.
bottlenose dolphins
a newspaper, loyalists, to tell you and mutual benefit, win-win. As most of these conditions animals than humans had.
Keisuke Itagaki's fighting cartoon keep up the ice in the frozen hand of three hundred million years of dinosaur students taste of human flesh cells of primitive man duel, open play before the primitive man in the dinner crowd blade teeth up children, he tore a piece of meat fed to.
look innocent If students
primitive those who lived so far, It seems only natural in the human food (when writing this paragraph, I just had ice cream to share with roommates), but not common in nature, other animals such as wolves and lions, to catch their prey are the strong eat, who would dare to go beyond will by blow.
and like the vampire bat, human predators rely on a large element of luck, but a very rich succeed. African grasslands Hade Zha (Hadza) people hunted giraffes, the average monthly pay is only a success, grassland There is no refrigerator, hunters even succeeded, only a meal a few days, and then watched a lot of rotting meat.
Ha Dezha group of hunters
reasonable approach is to take the meat Investment A tit for everyone has to eat, but do not waste.
addition to other meat, hunters will be placed under the banquet to win the respect of all the fall. This is another form of of meat for meat, but in the meat-for-power. meat will rot, but the good reputation is immortal.
Perhaps most importantly, a good hunter will win beautiful woman in the hold, Hade Zha very romantic man's life, They are keen hunters, and the other is called the San (! Kung San) of the African tribes are more indecent, and pursuing a monogamous, less the number of hunting. giraffes girl next door, the meat can be captured (or woman!) of the heart, is The so-called wild have died, Imperata package it, there are female Huaichun, custard mm lure of such analysis continues, teachers, the process of collating student transcripts, your task is to pass on a report card on the back are labeled > came in and asked you to write in their report card, br> repeatedly recalled, you can only think of the students passed the A, Student B did not pass, you give him a C student to write on the Several students have to muddle through what's possible? which you want to recover some of the students come?
This is called chase student, you get clues and reasoning are the same, the answer is the same (failed and write involving What incentives), as the giraffe, like meat for sex.
want to profit by trading, they must be discerning. if only to get people to eat meat, please, not calculating the future harvest, kind of a fool will be wise Overlord eat meals, such as active as lemming suicide and ended up with a good card in the survival of the fate of the ring has been eliminated. We have a strong instinct to help us identify the ungrateful liar. we can grab a lie about students, precisely because of this. In addition, there is a big part of the brain region is used to identify human faces, not only sensitive, but also a great storage capacity, can identify thousands of faces, the most important task of this powerful organization, may is to help us identify the person leaves the liar, a Laozhu shouted debt.
frozen glaciers in the Alps 5,000 years of Oates (Otzi, 1991 年 border in Austria and Italy, found the mummy), can be described as the real world of primitive man, he is not living with the strong bones (height 1.5 m, there is a tendency to atherosclerosis), but rely on clever brain and superior technology. Oates dressed in leather, carrying a number of tools and weapons His copper ax exquisite workmanship, modern people are amazing.
one who wants to survive in nature, if the hunting, fruit picking, fire, do anything to build a house, said the results as Xunzi, like flying squirrels : not on the house fly, can not the poor edge of wood, crossing the valley can not swim, can not cover the body cavity, not before the person can go mm he / she did not have that energy, to do a good job in everything. If he / She is only one thing to concentrate on study, even as top experts, can not simply a craft to hunt to get meat to survive mm, but easily missed hungry, wild fruit Hanlaobaoshou mining, do not get enough protein.
solution way division of labor. you hunting, I was collecting wild fruits, which can greatly improve work efficiency. Adam b Smith said, a worker can make 20 nails a day, if there are 10 workers perform their duties, day to create 48,000 nails. division of human transactions than enthusiastic about another unique. No responsible grab chimps nest of termites or other animals, even if the division is very simple: the ants of the society ; and all over the world, also boarded the moon, thanks to our excellent ability to division of labor.
but the division of labor can not do without exchange. hunters need to strawberry, wild fruit picking people need meat, they can not be viable, must be generous to share with others, mutual benefit, by the hands of expert craftsmen mm metallurgy, physicians, and even shamans. Perhaps he has also been sitting in his hunt to the animals before people crowd up, he tore a piece of meat (of course not the dinosaur meat) fed to, in exchange for a hatchet .
4, human species if this bias
out to bat or a human point of view of antelope, we find that the instinct of Gratitude is very rare, oriole title ring, the beauty of crows feeding stories, and more intense human , comes around (and I betrayed you betray), on a tit of the game completely fascinated, to not stand.
each other, loved ones regardless of the game:
Who made the inch of grass For three Chunhui.
or non-human animals:
A is nurturing the filial piety, grace milk sheep have to kneel.
or the whole of nature:
we do not revel in the victory of nature, for such The victory was revenge of nature every time we have.
or a god:
fortune nowhere, but people from the church; good and evil report, go hand in hand.
believe that Jesus died as God, faith Tathagata after the death of Buddha, the letter states place over the spring of Columbia resurrection after death!
director, do not pinch the last sentence of broadcast!
Lorentz remember it? In addition to Raven, he possessor of another crow class jackdaw bird mm (also called black hole, the scientific name Corvus monedula, English name Jackdaw), fell in love with a jackdaw Lorentz, chewed every few seconds to feed the worms, like estrogen to treat the real Jackdaws, he does not mouth to feed into the ear.
bird eggs really hurts. However, we also eggs not much pain. speed is too slow to the computer when I punched the head, as if it is A hunter would not share the same giraffe. even though they are not suitable for playing Like a bird by the Battle of two mm, for example, the United Kingdom and Germany mm peaceful coexistence (as co-prisoners), and of course good, but if the British choose peace, Germany chose war, the militant party can drive straight, get rid of the United Kingdom (to be taken for a ride partner betrayed ), and vice versa. So the war between the two countries can only be selected (each sold prisoners).
but the game told us that if both parties want to The prisoners do not dare to sell to each other, life and death will become a win-win game for the good strategy to win.
1914, the World War I, British and West German face, is such a a strategy has started to spread it (did not have lazy, the enemy does not walk around in a range of play, and even chat with the Anglo-German soldiers across the trenches.
1914 on Christmas Eve, the First World War battlefields in the Western lit the candles, the Anglo-German soldier out of the trenches and wish each other a merry Christmas. mm in the larger law of the jungle battlefields where nature, generosity, kindness seems bound to fail, but with Explosives winner goes, his most important lesson is learned in kindergarten:
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